Far Out: NASA's Golden Gift to the Aliens

In a few months, NASA scientists and the press will note the passing of the 30th anniversary since the launches of Voyagers I and II. By now, both interstellar probes have passed beyond Pluto's orbit and are speeding out toward neighboring star systems, carrying with them copies of the Golden Record, a phonograph record full of images, music and recordings of life on Earth intended for any extraterrestrials who might happen upon the probe and wonder who sent it. It's the same idea behind the plaque that was bolted onto the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft, both of which are currently gliding out of the solar system behind the Voyager probes.

While many Americans have heard of the record, most probably don't remember just what was on it. Fortunately, you can find the amazing images, which were chosen over the course of six months by a committee headed by Carl Sagan, compiled here.

Today it's unlikely that we would choose to include this gee-whiz shot of the U.N. headquarters; or this greenhouse gas nightmare in India to portray ourselves. Not that we'd do so much better now than we did then; the aliens would probably be just as confused by a photo of President Bush, or an image of a kid using a laptop, or a YouTube video of Dancing with the Stars.

It was the late '70s when these pictures were chosen, and Carl Sagan was probably smoking a lot of grass, but that doesn't quite explain some of the stranger images. What is this picture, exactly, and who let Archie Bunker in?

Although the images don't always work, there's something admirable and humble about creating a record like this in the infinitesimal chance that it would be discovered by other intelligent beings. You could argue that launching a photo album of the human race is the height of egotism, or you can take President Jimmy Carter at his word when he says, in a message on the record:

"Of the 200 million stars in the Milky Way galaxy, some—perhaps many—may have inhabited planets and spacefaring civilizations. If one such civilization intercepts Voyager and can understand these recorded contents, here is our message: This is a present from a small, distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope someday, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination and our goodwill in a vast and awesome universe."

For better or worse, we don't really do things like this anymore. New Horizons, the last spacecraft NASA launched that will eventually pass beyond the edge of the solar system, carries the ashes of the man who discovered Pluto, along with a piece of another spacecraft, an American flag and, for some reason (probably because people paid for the privilege), the names of more than 430,000 people stored on a CD. Apparently we've replaced attempts at interstellar communication with marketing stunts that will seem far kitschier in 30 years than Sagan's Golden Record does today. —Kevin Friedl

Comments

[PGens]

The New Horizons name thing was totally free to sign up for, as it was for a couple of recent Mars missions.

[stanlee]

Send more Chuck Berry

[Aphexcoil]

I'm what you call a "Grey" from a far away star system, so I'm really getting a kick out of these replies.

[KipEsquire]

What is so "huh?" about a picture demonstrating that we ingest liquid and solid nutriets through an oriface as opposed to some other method?

[Frances]

Carl Sagan actually tried to reach out to minds we don't know and may never meet. I'm thinking we could build a better teaching method for measurements now, but if 'they' are smart enough to pluck Voyager out of the stellar medium 'they' will certainly be smart enough to figure out what is meant.

They should have included some kind of message that it woiuld be better to just stay away because whomever they are, some club of idiots here, there's always one, is going to want to kill them. That's who we are. We could have been nice and told them, but honesty is not our strong suit.

Still a worthy effort from a Pale Blue Dot. Godspeed Professor Sagan!

[Joel]

Unfortunately, it would be EXTREMELY unlikely that these are ever found.

For one thing, while there are indeed very many solar systems and planets out there, most people have no idea just how unlikely the Earth is.

To have a planet that would give birth to humanoid sapient life (the kind most likely to understand such a message), not only does it need to be the right size, the right mass, the right distance from its sun, etc., but it also needs to have ONE and ONLY ONE moon of proper size and distance. Why? Because land animals evolved from sea animals in tidal pools. For that, you need regular, predictable tides of moderate height. More than one moon and you get tidal chaos. No moon means no tides.

Our moon was a freak accident caused by another planet-sized object striking the still-molten Earth and knocking a huge chunk of the area now known as the Pacific Ocean basin. But if that hadn't happened, or it had happened differently, we would very likely never have evolved.

That's just for starters. You also need a magnetosphere to protect life from the solar wind and cosmic rays, which would otherwise snap DNA chains like a bullet through a spider web. That means a solid iron (from the pressure) inner core surrounded by a liquid molten iron outer core. That also puts a time limit on the evolutionary process: eventually the Earth's liquid core will solidify, and that will be the end of the magnetosphere and the end of life on Earth as we know it.

For primates to evolve even remotely like they did on Earth, a single cosmic or gamma ray has to pass through space over the years, avoiding all obstacles in its way (cosmic dust, other solar systems, etc.), pass through the magentosphere and atmosphere that blocks most such radiation, at the exact time so that the planet has reached that spot in its orbit, oriented in the right way, so that a predecessor of the primates is at the right spot so that the cosmic ray or other ionizing radiation particle hits a certain exact spot on the DNA chain of a reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) in that animal.

The result is a DNA error that prevents Vitamin C from being formed as it is in nearly all other warm-blooded animals, except for all primates and a very few other exceptions. We primates have everything we need to make our own Vitamin C. We have the same organs, the same cellular factories within the cells of those organs, etc. to form Vitamin C, but due to that DNA error, our factories just don't WORK (this, by the way, is absolute PROOF of evolution and DISproof of both Creationism and Intelligent Design).

Because our ancestors stopped making Vitamin C, they needed to get it from their diets. That meant evolving to an arboreal (tree-living) existence since the most ready source of Vitamin C is in tree-borne fruits. That meant evolving hands with basic grasping abilities (if not truly opposable thumbs early on) to grab tree branches, binaural stereo vision to judge distances accurately, color vision to tell ripe fruit from unripe, and a big brain to coordinate all of this. Eventually, the apes left the trees and lost their tails, but the basics all happened because we can't make Vitamin C, and that was because of an INCREDIBLY unlikely happenstance.

Even if all of this and much, much more just happened to happen again on some other planet, there’s still the TIME factor to consider: the Universe will live in its current star-supporting phase for tens of BILLIONS of years. Our whole civilization's existence is measured in the mere thousands, and that's going all the way back to before writing existed! We’re less than an EYEBLINK. Even if we continue on for a million years or more, and achieve interstellar space travel for most of that time (unlikely thanks to Hubbert's Peak — look it up, but I warn you, it’s REALLY depressing!), that’s still not even a tenth of a percent of the lifespan of the Universe. What are the odds of another civilization coming into existence to OVERLAP ours, so that we could communicate and co-exist?

[Tristan]

Hi Joel-
I would argue that primates lost the ability to produce vitamin c after moving into the trees as it became unnecessary to do so anymore thanks to a diet rich in vitamin c. I thought evolution was a process of making staggeringly more mistakes than successes so isn't it then just a matter of having a large enough population with a fast enough growth rate enought to ensure progress? I do like your tide pool hypothesis though- being dried out twice daily certainly seems like something that would speed up evolution.

[Dave]

Well thats a hell of a way to put it, take every possibility and make it a negative. I'm not a ufo chaser, i think its ignorant to think there aren't other forms of life with intellegence far greater and far less than we. People like you would be sitting on the top of that ignorant reminiscent trash that for some reason runs our assorted countries.

Maybe it wont be found, no-one can say for sure, the odds are that if it floated into orbit around an advanced planet, phenomenal. About the same odds that on that planet there will be a pile of ignorant sceptics just like yourself who will be shooting at it hoping that "god" will punish whoever sent soemthing that dictates a change to their way of life.

[Kevin]

Joel, you seem like an intelligent person, but come on, vitamin C deficiency is PROOF of evolution? What makes you think God couldn't have created these "DNA errors" to fool people like you?

[Dave again]

just looked at the pictures. I'm a programmer by trade, and I think the beings that discover the plates and media on the probes are going to have their work cut out for them if they are going to get anything out of it beside a bunch of "something" sent a bunch of nonsense. It relies heavily on symbolism, and human mathematics in base 10. If you want an example, compary the english character set and english terms with other languages and scripture from our own planet. How sad. oh well. wonder if we'll ever get something like this but better designed sent to us...

[spunky]

"What is so "huh?" about a picture demonstrating that we ingest liquid and solid nutriets through an oriface as opposed to some other method?"

Carl Sagan was a brilliant man, as is demonstrated by the body of work he produced and the positive influence he had on others. What's that you say? He smoked the grass? Oh. Then he must be have just been nutty. Because of the grass, you know what it does. It's grass. Grass.

[James]

Kevin: Regarding the encoding used on the Golden Record. I don't have a link to this at hand, but Sagan actually put a lot of thought into encoding the important information on the disc in such a way that it was agnostic to things like symbolism and base-10 mathematics.

I don't know about the encoded images specifically, but if you look on the front of the disc (the one at the top of this page), there are a few carved images that were designed to be solved first. In the upper-left corner is what's supposed to be an electron orbiting a hydrogen nucleus. Below it is a map showing the relative position of Earth to several of the known pulsars in the galaxy. In order to identify the pulsars, their frequencies are noted on the lines pointing to them, in a primitive binary representation (so no base-10 assumptions here), with their periods as multiples of the fundamental frequency of the hydrogen atom (no Earth-centric time unit assumptions). Thus -- so Sagan thought, anyway -- a civilization with a decent understanding of physics might, over several generations anyway, be able to decipher the 'map' and figure out where the probe had come from.

I assume similar thought went into things like the encoding of textual, auditory, and graphical data on the other surface of the disk.

Anyway, I just think you shouldn't write Sagan off too quickly. He put an almost obscene amount of thought into the creation of the Records, given the odds against anyone ever trying to decipher them.

[Sigmoid Flexure]

By the way, your photo of "this greenhouse gas nightmare in India" is actually the entrance to the Memorial Bridge in Bangkok.

http://www.angkor.com/2bangkok/images/memoriabridge.jpg

[Steve Hammons]

Interesting messages on Voyager, but could it be disinformation and deception in a way to convince us that the government has not already made extensive contact with ETs.

We don't have to send out these kinds of probes to contact ETs if they are already here and conducting joint activities with our government. See:

"Former Arizona governor says he saw ‘Phoenix Lights’ UFO" (AmericanChronicle.com)

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=22360

- - -

"New documentary film ‘Fastwalkers’ on UFOs, ETs premieres in Phoenix" (AmericanChronicle.com)

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=21111

[joe]

why is there no picture of the Great Pyramids?

[joe]

Im not very religous, but who is to say evolution is not God's way of creation?

[collingwood1156]

tofrances vitamin c lack was what GOD did to make us mortal after our expulsion from Eden.

[Bill Shea]

To collingwood1156. Then why did your god allow the English Navy to discover that giving oranges and limes (sources of Vitamin C) to English sailors would prevent scurvy? A really smart god would have figured out a way to keep that information hidden for ALL ETERNITY. :-)

[Nobody U. Know]

The Ferengi will sell the disc for a huge profit by claiming it's gold pressed latinum.

[John]

Science is the "HOW" and Religion is the "WHY"

if you cant see that, in daily life, then you live in a very narrow world.

God has a physiology, of some sort...he is bound by the laws of some form of complex physics..when he does something, a chain of events must take place in order for that to be carried out...why couldn't God, have taken our ability to produce Vitamin C away, to encourage our evolution into, what we are today?
Just because you understand the "how" does not mean you are capable of comprehending the "why".
Thats just arrogant and ignorant.
The odds that so many things falling into place to produce galaxies, solar systems, planets, life, cellular structures, atoms, elements, quarks..etc..to such perfection and in perfect synchronization, on it's own, with no outside influence is such a rediculous concept to me, and anyone willing to use any common sense, that to claim our loss of the ability to produce Vitamin C is evidence of Religion and intelligent designs failure, is ludicrous.

[twlyons]

So how much gold was solid,i mean pure ? was it 24 cart? what was the weight of the disks records ?

[twlyons]

So how much gold was solid,i mean pure ? was it 24 cart? what was the weight of the disks records ? Geeeeesh , I hope somebody remembered to send a....record player...!

[Scott Houdek(Orion105)]

It's been so long ago has happened, that phrase long forgotten said: "They(Nasa) put a man on the Moon" but the problem is "We" have not back to the Moon in 37 years or so!, and what we have done to your selves?, getting greedier and discructive and selfishness(that's BIG GREEDY Companies!)and some are not so GREEDY, and start asking your self......WHY? we have not see any PROGRESS?, maybe after 2012 then only then we CAN START GOING TO OUTER SPACE!

[Tony Williams]

Frances -YOU’RE WRONG!!! The odds of Voyager being recovered by E.T's are way better than you suggest. An alien race could find it any second!There is no law that intelligent life has to be human like. There is no law that intelligent life has to be based off of DNA. Natural Selection could have produced some vastly different results in the universe. Are you really trying to imply that to have intelligent life evolve a planet has to have one moon and only one moon???
THAT’S LAUGHABLE!!!! You need to read 'The Ancestors Tale' by Richard Dawkins AND Pale Blue Dot by Carl Sagan couldn't hurt either...BTW both audiobooks can be downloaded off of the web in mp3 format.

[joe]

Why do people always refere to God as being a he or a man? Sure Jesus was a man but is god? Maybe God is the force or the presence behind all creation,the light, and the love,that can guide us through anything, and bring everything together in the end. But God does not control our actions, we have to decide for ourselves what is right and what is wrong, with a certain common sense about it. People need to keep an open mind and stop with the hateful,arrogant & ignorant frame of mind. Stop trying to preach what they think are the words of God & think for themselves. People have different views on things but as long as there is Love and Exceptance it doesn't really matter what they are. NO one knows the the meaning of life or what happens in the end until it actually happens. So have Respect & Tolerance for others. Keep your faith, and stand up for yourself but don't try to control or manipulate other peoples beliefs.

[Tony Williams]

Joe - If only people like you would take your OWN ADVICE. At least then you wouldn't be a hypocrite. You’re the one postulating an entity that there is zero evidence for and on top of that you’re going to explain the way he operates.
YOU COULN’T POSSIBLY KNOW THAT. That is the whole problem and why it's better not to even refer to an unproven god but then your type goes even further and tells us his M.O. Get real. There is no God. If you say there is then PROVE IT!!! Or shut up about it. It's not our jobs to disprove God no more than it’s my job to disprove any of the other various insane claims that people make. The burden of proof is always on the person making the claim.

[joe]

Tony- I never said there is a God, only that it is possible, that anything might be possible. God is just a word where it came from i don't know. I have a hard time believing or trusting the storys we are feed from birth. But there is good and evil, I'll always believe more in the good. And I will fight the evil! I believe there is other life in this universe-and I've seen things in the day and night sky that make me believe even more. Think for yourself and question athority!

[Jeff]

Well Tony W. i see nobody had the fortitude to post after you or take up your gauntlet so allow me...

Uhm, nevermind, your right.

[Droniac]

Frances - why would the recipients have to be humanoid? Certainly they'd be the most likely candidates for ever deciphering it, but that's not to say no other kind of creature could intercept it. Yes humanity might be a freak occurrence, but that doesn't mean no form of intelligent life at all could ever be found elsewhere... just because it isn't humanoid doesn't mean it's not intelligent - ever heard of dolphins?

Still I agree that it's unlikely the record will ever be found by aliens - the chances of any kind of craft just happening to pass by this oddly shaped human construction are just way too slim. It's like throwing a grain of sand into a sandstorm with the intent of hitting another grain of sand 10 miles away...

John - you've just given a detailed description of something you cannot possibly know anything about and stated it as the truth... while claiming anyone with a different opinion perceives the world from a narrow perspective.

How is THAT not arrogant!? Not that I agree with Frances, far from it, but you can't really go calling him arrogant when you're not behaving any different. There's no point in the whole bashing people for their beliefs anyway - because neither 'side' (theist or atheist) can possibly prove or disprove God.

As for those peculiar odds on everything falling in place as it does... that's not to say some amazing spiritual entity created it all. Who's to say this universe wasn't created by a scientist in a laboratory? Or that this is all merely dreamt up by some odd life form? Perhaps we're all just actors in some sort of 'The Sims'-like computer game - for amusement. There are so many possibilities other than some all powerful God that it IS ridiculous to assume this universe MUST all be the work of a God and say anyone with a TRULY open mind has a narrow world view.

[Darren]

Remind me not to have Frances over for dinner = kill joy.

[joe]

Frances- I agree with you about the message for the E.T.s to just stay away. Especially when you here claims of people seeing fighter jets chasing UFOs. Maybe our government doesn't want the E.T.s to make contact no matter if their intentions be Good or Bad. Cause maybe they have tried, but the gov. keeps chasing them away. Like they don't want the E.T.s to interfere with or help our lives. Even though we could sure use it. Some Inlightenment.

[Tony Williams]

Where do we get this idea that the default is nothingness? The default might well be our universe. Where do we get this idea that if gravity or the nuclear force or whatever constant you want to invoke points to evidence of design. There no evidence of that. AT ALL. It might well be that our universe just IS. Isn’t this what you theist likes to claim about your god that his has ALWAYS BBEEN HERE ALWAYS EXISTED? Well we atheists prefer to stop with what we do know (we know we are here, our universe has produced life and there is no evidence to the contrary that it could have been any different) and not answer a question with an even bigger mystery.
-Peace-

[Joe]

The fact is, while it's a beautiful idea, the chances of some random spacecraft-even if the galaxy is filled to the top with an overabundance of space-faring beings--coming across this tiny little thing zooming through space are impossibly low. So close to zero as to effectively be zero. Either that or they're already here and that's why there's so many UFO sightings, and they think the fact that we sent out a record on a space porbe is 'cute'.

On the one hand it's sad to think of the record flying through space forever and never being found. On the other hand, I'm a firm believer in UFOs, so unless unless they're not pilioted by aiens, it's no loss because they're already watching 'Friends' reruns.

And it's kind of cool to think of those space probes as going on FOREVER. Unless they hit something (they say that when the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy merge the stars are so far apart none will actually hit each other, just be deflected by gravity, so the chances of a spacecraft hitting anything = close to zero) they'll continue onward until the end of the universe or some other collosal amount of time and miles, long after our sun has exhausted its fuel and died. Something will always be left of us, somewhere in the universe, no matter what happens to us next, and that's pretty cool.

[karen]

There are only beetles out there. What do they want with gold records?

[The End]

Oh come on, life is likely rampant throughout our own galaxy. If we humans don't destroy ourselves, one day we'll look back and liken the belief that life is rare to the once prevalent notion that the Earth was the center of the Universe.

We're not special. We're bacteria, mold, bugs. Life grows everywhere. No, humans don't evolve everywhere, but nature finds a way in diverse environments. Humans need to realize that there's nothing overly special about us. Most species in the universe probably die out, and humans are headed in that direction as well. But it's no big loss to the universe, there's life all over the place. Just don't expect it to resemble us.

[James]

While I agree that the chances of any alien race actually discovering these plates are astronomical I wouldn't rule it out completely. In the terms of the universe probably the most interesting thing about humans is the world we live on. But it is pure human ignorance to believe that there is nothing out there at all. And for all your "God squad" out there, who is to say that "God" is not an alien and we are just his little science project and the bible is just their way of appearing all powerful. Or that God is just a concept created by people who were to afraid to face the fact that there may be nothing after death and came up with the idea of an afterlife, god, heaven etc..

Think about it!

[Zoe currently human...future uncertain....]

It was a really good intentioned and well thought gesture to reach out to the nether regions of space, regardless of how inappropriate it is for that purpose or illegible it is to whoever finds it...or not as the case may be.
As human beings we limit ourselves by looking only through our own eyes and thinking of life as limited by the rules by which we find our own universe. Everything is infinite...it is highly likely there is an infinity of parralel universes in which life exists under every possible situation, in each one everthing slightly different. Life will always find a way, for whatever reason or purpose.
I like to think that our bodies are spacesuits....our 'souls' are entities crossing all dimensions living out the lifespan of different life forms and at the point of death or disconnection from the 'biological suit', simply drifting into another cell at the point where life is created. There is a life force spread all the way through the universe...we are all inter dimensional entities! None of us know it, none of us know why, none of us know who's in charge and for what reason...as current human beings we have the gift of the capability of the thought process to ponder it, which is the best part of it.......SO LETS ALL SIT BACK AND ENJOY THIS PARTICULAR RIDE CUZ TIME TO GET OFF IS ALWAYS APPROACHING!!

[Preacain]

Well Well, on a planet full of war , hunger and idiot dictators, who instead of solving our own earthbound problems spend millions wastefully on an invitation to anyone? everyone? or no one !to join in on the fun! wow and with an american flag too! Crazy

[joe]

Hi Zoe, I don't think I could agree with you more!!

[Tony Williams]

Zoe - It those kinds of comments that make it painfully obvious YOU KNOW NOTHING about what we have gained from the space program. It totally reminds me of the people that criticize Evolution when they REALLY don't even know what evolution is. All they have ever got was second and third hand information about Biology. I wanna ask em "what's the last pro evolution book you ever read"??? To you I would say just a minimal amount of research into it and you wouldn't make statements like those. I'll recommend it again read Pale Blue Dot from Carl Sagan. He covers this very issue. How did we know to be concerned about Global Warning? ANSWER: We went to Venus and said shit this is what will happen to the earth if we can’t get these greenhouse gases under control? What we learn from Space Exploration might very well save our race from extinction one day.

[Zoe]

Tony I'm not sure if your words are directed at me. Actually my ideas were that human bodies could be temporary vessels to spirits which migrate through the universe, our names appear UNDER our comments. I don't believe I said one word pro or anti evolution as I didn't think this was the issue here, as far as I knew we were just exchanging ideas regarding our attempt at contact with other life forms of other worlds. I do agree that 'what we learn from space exploration might save our race from extinction one day'. I know all about the goldilocks 'zone' and other similar hypothesis concerning our limited future on this planet. I don't have time to read every bit of prose on the subject and I'm no expert, but I am entitled to an opinion. I think that intelligent life are fully aware that we are here....they just choose not to bother calling round at this particular time as at this particular stage in our evolution we are self obsessed creatures who are at war with one another....and who can blame them! I just wanted to explore the idea don't even understand OUR OWN EXISTENCE here, so how can we even contemplate the lives of other beings? I agree with the space program and any attempt to understand our place in the universe better, it just worries me that I've seen sci-fi movies where aliens move from planet to planet like swarms of locusts using up all the resources and making the place uninhabitable for the other lifeforms........and that is where space exploration could also take us, we don't have such a great track record with the other creatures on our own planet do we.....but what will be will be for whatever reason.

[Tony Williams]

Zoe -- OOPS your right those comments were supposed to be directed at 'Preacain'

As far your last post I basicaly agree with what you said but who knows maybe we can make up for what we have done to this planet by terraforming other worlds. What I mean is we just might win this thing yet... with what we learn in space could help us fix the Earth and you never know we just might be a worthy steward of another planet someday.

[paranoidandroid]

maybe it wasn't a good idea to put a map of how to get to Earth on the record. If alien civilization found it, how do we know they wouldn't try to take us over? Wasn't that the premise of Independance Day? Or have I just seen that and War of the Worlds too many times?

[Jtheat]

Hey, for all we know any alien culture that find this may think we were sending them a dinner menu. Call ahead seating accepted!

[Lamito]

If aliens find this they will laugh. Laugh i say!

[Preacain]

The people that work on these peacefull space projects perhaps have good intentions though they also work on creation of weapons this is the nice face for the public which try to portray the govt and the multynationals as forward looking and hopefull thinking for a better future for the free world while wqasting billions on stupid gadgets to spy torture and kill, I love to look at the stars at night but im sad that so much iis devoted to waste while Millions of children die of hunger

[tejas satyakam bhartiya]

LIFE BEYOND EARTH THINK BEYOND WATER AND OXYGEN

whenever we yalk about alien or living being outside earth our first intention is the availablity of water and oxygen. iwonder why cannoy be life on other planet which do noy have conditions like earth. as we have accumstemed of earth condition, similarly life on other may have been existing in that condition in which we can not live.
c